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PHI1.ADEI.PHIA 
OCTOBER 9P.' 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 

COPYRIGHT OFFICE. 

No registration of title of this 
article as a preliminary to copyright 
protection has been found. 

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(■Pfwte J 

11, iii, 1906—5,000.) J>^?J) 




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The Book of 

the Pageant 

Philadelphia, October gth, 1908 



ARRANGED BY 

ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER 



COVER DESIGN BY 

VIOLET OAKLEY 



PRINTED FOR THE COMMITTEE BY 

GEORGE W. JACOBS & COMPANY 






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OCT 1 W« 

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"A gentle kaight was pricking en the plalne 
Ycladd In might le arntes and silver shlelde." 

—The Faerie Queene. 

Invitation to tbe lp>ageant 



n 



'nto you, oh men, I call and my voice is 
to the sons of m en . ' ' Thus sings to-day 
the Spirit of the City and welcomes all 
to view her pageantry, and sends forth 
her heralds and her trumpeters. 

All who have loved and served Penn's City, 
live and love and serve her still. To-day thine 
eyes shall be opened to see them walk before 
thee through her streets. For thus in solitude the 
Founder wrote these "Fruits of Solitude" that all 
may share : 

"Death cannot kill what never dies." 

" Nor can spirits ever be divided that love and live 
in the same divine principle." 

" For they must needs be present, that love and live 
in that which is omnipresent." 

" In this divine glass they see face to face." 



Founders' Week Executive Committee 

Hon. JOHN E. REYBURN, Chairman 
GEORGE W. B. HICKS, Secretary 



General Committee of the Pageant 

MORRIS JASTROW, Jr., Chairman 

THOMAS L. MONTGOMERY 

CHARLES HEBER CLARK 

ALEXANDER K. McCLURE 

JOHN BACH McMASTER 

HENRY C. McCOOK 

WILLIAM PERRINE 

JOSEPH G. ROSENGARTEN 

A. G. HETHERINGTON 

JOHN F. LEWIS 

CHARLES E. DANA 

JOHN W. JORDAN 

JAMES MacALISTER 

SYDNEY GEORGE FISHER 

PETER BOYD 

HARRISON S. MORRIS 

MARION D. LEARNED 

ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER 

Councils' Committee of the Pageant 

HARRY C. RANSLEY, Chairman 
THOMAS T. NELSON 
JOHN W. WHITAKER 
GEORGE W. ZANE 
GEORGE W. KUCKER 
WILLIAM HENRY HOLMES 

Executive Committee of the Pageant 

A. G. HETHERINGTON, Chairman 
CHARLES HEBER CLARK 
HARRISON S. MORRIS 
PETER BOYD 
MARION D. LEARNED 
4 



Introduction 

In this historical pageant, the first to be organized and given 
in this country, a large field was afforded to the historians and 
artists who have so devotedly worked to make the representation 
a success. No city in the United States can supply so many 
episodes of picturesque importance. Founded by Penn under a 
form of government which was apostrophized by Voltaire and all 
the liberal philosophers of the eighteenth century as an example 
to the world in mercy, justice and liberty, Philadelphia and Penn- 
sylvania have a unique place in the history of the world. The 
good and interesting Quaker people have given a great deal to 
America and an attempt has been made to commemorate this 
service. The other national elements which had a part in the 
early development of the city and the commonwealth — the Dutch, 
Swedish, Welsh, German and Scotch — have not been neglected 
and Franklin's part in stamping his character upon the community 
later in the colonial period introduces to view one of the great 
figures of the world. 

During the Revolution Philadelphia was the meeting ground 
for all the colonies. Until the end of the century the city was 
the capital of the United States. Here Congress assembled. 
Here Washington, Franklin, Robert Morris, Alexander Hamilton, 
Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, John Adams and the rest lived 
and wrought in the service of a nation which has grown great and 
populous beyond the expectations of them all. Here on this ground 
the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the 
United States were framed, debated and adopted. Hither came 
ambassadors of foreign powers and through our streets tramped 
the British, French and Continental armies during the war that 
established the freedom of the American states. 

Afterward much of great interest and value to the state, the 
nation and the world was enacted in Philadelphia. The achieve- 
ments of peace of the city have been at all times conspicuous. In 
literature and art, in science and medicine, in solving the problems 
of transportation and in other practical fields of civilization, Phila- 
delphia, among American cities, owns no superior, and all these 
things it has been a pleasure to attempt to illustrate in the form 
of a pageant in the streets. 

5 



Director of the Pageant 
ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER 



Designer and Art Director 
VIOLET OAKLEY 



Director of Costumes, Heraldry and Accessories 
GUERNSEY MOORE 

Assistant to the Director 
JOSEPH JACKSON 

* 

Director of Music 
HUGH A. CLARKE 

* 

Architect 
ALBERT KELSEY 

* 

General Contractors for the Pageant 
J. J. HABERMEHL'S SONS 

Director of Construction and Decoration 
HENRY KABIERSKE 

* 

Costumer 

JOSEPH C. FISCHER 
6 



Programme of the Pageant 

A— EXPLORATION AND EARLY SETTLE- 
MENT. 

"Thy God bringeth thee into a good land — of brooks of water, of 
fountains and depths that spring out of valleys and hills — a land whose 
stones are iron and out of whose hills thou mayest dig brass." 

Scene 1. 

The first vessel of any nation to come up the Delaware was 
the yacht "Onrust" (Unrest), in 1616, which was commanded by 
Captain Cornelis Hendricksen. This was a boat of only sixteen 
tons. It was built on Manhattan Island, in the winter of 1613-14. 
Hendricksen landed at several places on both shores of the 
Delaware, took soundings and made charts. He sailed up to, 
if not beyond, the site whereon Penn later founded the city of 
Philadelphia. The "Onrust" has been chosen as the subject for 
the opening scene of the pageant because of the vessel's his- 
toric voyage up the river and because its name typifies the rest- 
lessness which led to the exploration, settlement and develop- 
ment of the New World. 

Scene 2. 

The Indians whom the first European settlers found on the 
banks of the Delaware were of the Lenni Lenape tribe and this 
picture of their early life has been carefully worked out by 
Charles S. Stephens. His long and useful studies of the Indian 
have made possible this faithful representation. The costumes, 
implements and decorations have been specially designed by 
him for this car and its accompanying people. The procession 
is led by the pipe-bearer, followed by men with coup sticks, 
rattles and drums. Then comes a medicine man, clad in green, 
and the braves arranged in the three Lenni Lenape clans, the 
Turkey, the Turtle and the Wolf. 

(Impersonated by students of the Government Indian school at 
Carlisle. Pa.) 

7 



The Book of the Pageant 

Scene 3. 

The Dutch discoveries and explorations were followed by 
the establishment here of Dutch colonies. Log forts and stock- 
ades were built. An active Dutch explorer and colonist on the 
Delaware at this period was David Pietersen de Vries. He had 
been a skipper and in 1630 became a patroon. He came out 
to America in 1632 to look after his commercial interests on the 
Delaware in person. He carried on trade with the Indians, with 
whom he is said to have made a treaty of peace. The Dutch 
were in more or less undisputed ascendency on the Delaware 
from 1623 until the Swedes arrived in 1638. The scene repre- 
sents a windmill which these colonists early erected here for the 
grinding of grain. 

(Impersonations in this and the other Dutch sections are made 
by native Hollanders, now resident in Philadelphia.) 

Scene 4. 

The Swedish interest in the Delaware and its adjoining 
lands is traced back to the great King Gustavus Adolphus and 
his famous Chancellor, Axel Oxenstierna. The first expedition 
was not organized, however, until 1638, six years after Gustavus's 
tragic death. The first comers gathered furs from the Indians 
for shipment to and sale in Europe. The settlement was effected 
without serious difficulty with the Dutch, who were few in 
number. The colony was called New Sweden and several ships 
loaded with people came out to take up lands on the shores of 
the river. In 1642, Oxenstierna named John Printz, a lieuten- 
ant-colonel of cavalry, as Governor, and he is shown riding at 
the head of this group in the pageant. The people were of 
marked industry and thrift. They early gave their attention 
to agriculture and strove to live in peace with the Indians. 
They were also a religious folk and soon had a block house, 
which was used interchangeably as a fort and a place of wor- 
ship. It stood in Wicaco and with its loopholes, through which 
guns might be pointed at an enemy, is shown upon a car. It 
occupied the site of the brick church, built about 1700, known 
as Gloria Dei, or Old Swedes, a model of which is carried in this 
group, one of the best-known and most admired of our archi- 
tectural monuments dating from the Colonial time. 

(Impersonated by members of the Swedish Society of Phila- 
delphia.) 

8 




William Penn on the Ship "Welcome" 



Scene 8 



The Book of the Pageant 

Scene 5. 

The Dutch soldiers in this scene represent those who over- 
came the Swedes and captured the Delaware forts, thus regain- 
ing the ascendency for Holland in 1655. They continued in 
nominal control until 1664, when the English arrived in the 
Delaware, demanded the submission of the forts and, after an 
engagement in which several men were killed and wounded, 
took control of the river and the settlements on its banks. 



B— PENN AND THE QUAKERS. 

"Call to remembrance the former days, in which, after ye were 
illuminated, ye endured a great fight of afflictions * * * and took 
joyfully the spoiling of your goods." 

Scene 6. 

Penn is here pictured at the entrance to the Tower, Decem- 
ber 16, 1668, for having offended authority in publishing a 
pamphlet without the necessary license. It was not the first time 
the future proprietor of Pennsylvania had suffered persecution, 
but it was his first incarceration in the Tower. While he was 
in Ireland, the previous year, Penn had been imprisoned for 
attending a meeting of the Quakers, and it was largely in conse- 
quence of these experiences that when opportunity offered he 
asked the King for a grant of land in America to found a refuge 
for those who desired to exercise liberty of conscience. On the 
occasion here portrayed, Penn was taking the place of the 
printer of his pamphlet, "The Sandy Foundation Shaken." Lord 
Arlington had arrested John Derby, the printer, and when Penn 
heard of the man's predicament he insisted that the printer was 
innocent of wrong and that if any wrong had been com- 
mitted he was ready to serve in the other's stead. On a cold 
day in December, without warrant and also without law, Penn 
was taken to the Tower. During his incarceration other 
charges were trumped up against him and he was kept a close 
prisoner until July 28, 1669, when he was released and placed in 
the custody of his father. It was while he was confined in the 
Tower that Penn wrote the outline of his best known book, "No 
Cross, No Crown." George Fox and other Quakers suffering 
for conscience' sake in England are shown upon the street. 

(This scene is impersonated by members of the Independent 
Order of Odd Fellows.) 

9 



The Book of the Pageant 

Scene 7. 

Having seen the success of the Quakers who settled in 
Fenwick's tract, in West Jersey, Penn, in 1680, made applica- 
tion for a grant of land on the west bank of the Delaware 
River. His father, while an admiral in the British Navy., under 
Cromwell, had taken part in the capture of Jamaica. Under the 
custom then acknowledged, Admiral Penn should have received 
a large grant of land in the territory he had conquered. Crom- 
well refused the grant, and this debt remained unpaid by the 
Crown when the elder Penn died. The founder of Pennsyl- 
vania placed the case before the King, and Charles, when he 
found that the debt could be cancelled for so slight a payment 
as a desert in a little-settled country in another part of the 
world, agreed to give the young man 40,000 square miles on the 
banks of the Delaware. Negotiations for the grant were car- 
ried on for more than a year, but on February 24, 1681, Charles 
II. attached his signature to the charter, naming the country 
Pennsylvania. History is silent as to all the persons present at 
the time when the King wrote his name on the parchment which 
made Pennsylvania a possibility, but it is known that his brother, 
the Duke of York, afterward James II., who stands at the 
monarch's side, was a member of the group. 

(Members of the Savoy Opera Company appear in this scene.) 



Scene 8. 

This scene represents the arrival of Penn, on the "Welcome." 
The founder is portrayed looking longingly, even dreamily over 
the bow of the little ship, as she sails up the Delaware, reflect- 
ing on his Holy Experiment, which he is coming to this new 
land to put into execution. The condition which Penn most of 
all desired to obtain for himself and his friends was that 
liberty of conscience which has been the foundation of the pros- 
perity of the city, the state and the United States. The "Wel- 
come," with Penn and his little band of colonists, set sail from 
Deal, on September 1, 1682, and nine weeks later, on October 
27, dropped anchor in the Delaware, off New Castle. She 
started away with about one hundred passengers, but one-third 
died of disease upon the voyage. The number who reached 
this country safely, as nearly as may be, accompany the vessel. 

10 



The Book of the Pageant 
Scene 9. 

With Penn and following him came colonists from Wales. 
From the arrival of Penn until about the year 1702 the Welsh 
were the most numerous among those who took advantage of 
the Proprietary's offer of lands. It was his wish that his grant 
should be called New Wales; but this name was changed to 
Pennsylvania to meet the desires of the King. Penn in ex- 
plaining the matter said that the Welsh word for head or head- 
land was Penn, and that his land was the high or woodlands, 
wherefore there was double propriety in the choice. While the 
proprietor was here on his second and last visit, in the year 
1701, he preached to the Welsh Friends, at Haverford, and it is 
related that very few of them could understand him. The 
majority of the Welsh settlers took up holdings in what was 
termed the Welsh tract, on the west bank of the Schuylkill, in 
the present Montgomery and Chester counties. The odd hats of 
the women and the old songs lend unusual interest to this scene. 

(Impersonated by members of the Cambro-American League.) 



Scene 10. 

In this group are seen Francis Daniel Pastorius and the 
colonists who accompanied him to Germantown. Pastorius 
arrived on August 20, 1683, in the ship "America." He and his 
little party numbered eight or nine persons. On the 6th of 
October he was joined by thirteen families of Cref elders, thirty- 
three in all, who had come in on the ship "Concord." A society 
of Germans had been formed in Frankfort to take up a tract 
of land in the new province, and availing themselves of Penn's 
offer to colonists who desired to breathe the air of freedom the 
band established a settlement which was the basis of a now pop- 
ulous, historic and beautiful suburb of Philadelphia. Pastorius 
and his people were Mennonites, a sect whose principles were 
so similar to those of the Society of Friends that they were 
frequently called German Quakers. 

(Members of the stock company of the German Theatre appear 
in this and the next succeeding scenes.) 



II 



The Book of the Pageant 

Scene 11. 

Along with and following the Mennonites came hither from, 
Germany many of those learned and religious men called Piet- 
ists. As they were opposed to any of the rigid systems of 
theology, and passed their lives principally in the endeavor to 
attain to moral perfection they were also called Mystics. Some 
of the Pietists were recruited from the Lutherans in Germany, 
and others had been members of the Reformed Church. They 
were peculiar in their dress and habits, and like the other 
German sects, and like the Quakers, they refused to take oaths 
or to bear arms. The appearance of these Pietists and Mystics 
in Philadelphia, with their long pilgrim staves attracted much 
attention. Some of these deeply religious men settled along 
the Ridge in Roxborough, and in the vicinity of Germantown ; 
others established a community farther west at Ephrata in Lan- 
caster County. They were for the most part men of great eru- 
dition. 



Scene 12. 

The Scotch and North of Ireland men, commonly called the 
Scotch-Irish, were the last of the great elements which went 
into the composition of Pennsylvania to arrive upon these 
shores. The Welsh and the Germans made their appearance 
here almost synchronously with the advent of Penn, but it was 
not until about the year 1700 that any considerable body of Irish 
and Scotch came into the province. They passed into the west 
for the most part and settled behind the Quakers in Lancaster 
County, and on the banks of the Susquehanna, where they im- 
perilled their lives among the Indians, serving as useful buffers 
for the city. Twenty-five Scotch-Irish Rangers, irregular militia- 
men of the frontier, are shown in this scene. 

(The Rangers have been equipped by the Scotch-Irish Society of 
Philadelphia, under the direction of Dr. Henry C. McCook.) 



Scene 13. 

This scene represents Penn's treaty with the Indians under 
the elm made famous by Benjamin West's picture. Of it Vol- 
taire wrote: "This was the only treaty between these people 

12 




« 3 

w o 

SB 



The Book of the Pageant 

and the Christians that was not ratified by oath and that was 
never broken." Some authorities relegate the whole subject to 
the realm of legend. It is certain, however, that Penn had an 
understanding with the chiefs of the Lenni Lenapes, residing 
in this vicinity, in the summer of the year 1683. It was a meet- 
ing intended to establish friendship, a pow-wow with the leaders, 
at which it was explained by Penn that they would be fairly and 
justly dealt with. Whether treaty or understanding, it followed 
that the settlers in this part of the country dwelt in peace and 
concord with the aborigines. Unfortunately it is recorded that 
the Indians were sometimes deprived of what was justly theirs, 
but it should be understood that these dishonest men were not 
Quakers. 

(On this car appear students of Haverford College.) 



Scene 14. 

In this group is pictured the Penn family on the occasion 
of the founder's second and last visit to his province, in the years 
1699 to 1 70 1. With Penn, who is seen on his white horse, are 
his wife, Hannah Callowhill Penn, and his daughter, Letitia, 
whom he affectionately called "Tishe." Mrs. Penn rides in the 
calash, which tradition says she used at the time, and in the sedan 
chair Letitia is carried by stalwart men who sometimes bore 
her through the unpaved streets of the new city. 



Scene 15. 

William Penn had a barge of which he was very fond, and 
in it he and his family, as well as members of the Provincial 
Council, often rode between the city and his manor at Penns- 
bury. The boat had a sail and six oarsmen, and the 27 miles 
which separated his country place from the city could be com- 
fortably covered in all kinds of weather in this little vessel. 
In his absence from Pennsylvania he enjoined his agents to take 
good care of the barge, but after his departure from the prov- 
ince, in 1 701, he was destined not to see it again. 



13 



The Book of the Pageant 
C— COLONIAL PHILADELPHIA 

"And thou, Philadelphia, the virgin settlement of this province, 
named before thou wert born, what care, what service and what travail 
has there been to bring thee forth, and preserve thee from such as 
would abuse and defile thee. Oh, that thou mayest be kept from the 
evil that would overwhelm thee; that faithful to the God of thy 
Mercies, in the life of righteousness, thou mayest be preserved to the 
end." — William Perm's Farewell to the City. 



Scene 16. 

In accordance with an order of the Common Council of 
the city of Philadelphia, dated October 25, 1714, "the Mayor, 
Recorder, Aldermen and Common Council" were to "wait upon 
the Governor on Wednesday next, at ye hour of twelve in the 
forenoon, in order to proclaim the King, and afterward present 
the Mayor-elect to ye Governor to be qualified." In this scene 
the Mayor and corporation are shown in company with the 
Governor, on the occasion when the first of the Hanoverian 
line, George I, was proclaimed King of England. Charles Goo- 
kin was the Governor at the time, George Roch, Mayor of 
Philadelphia, and Richard Hill, Mayor-elect. The proclama- 
tion was read from the gallery of the old court house, which 
stood in the middle of Market street, at Second street. The 
Governor's Council at this time was made up of eighteen mem- 
bers, three from each of the Pennsylvania counties — Philadel- 
phia, Chester and Bucks — and three from each of the "Lower 
Counties," which later came to compose the state of Delaware. 
The Mayor and Corporation form a group of twenty-four per- 
sons. The Mayor is accompanied by the Recorder with his 
book, the Sheriff with his staff, the Beadle, who was a kind of 
town crier, with his bell, eight Aldermen and twelve Common 
Councilmen. 

(Impersonated by students of Temple University.) 



Scene 17. 

In this scene is given a glimpse of the primitive police of 
the city — a constable and the night watch. This watch was 
introduced in 1705. The men served without reward and were 

14 



The Book of the Pageant 

expected to report to the constable, ready for duty, at candle 
light. If they failed in this they must furnish a substitute or pay 
the constable six shillings a year to be excused. They carried 
lanterns. Later, of course, they were paid officers of the city, 
and had little watch houses at the corner of the streets, to which 
they might go for protection against the weather. Occasionally 
they would start the "hue and cry" after a criminal, a kind of 
"halloo," or they would announce a fire. Their calls during the 
night, giving the hour and the state of the weather, and some- 
times important items of news, such as "Eleven o'clock and all's 
well," "Past twelve o'clock and a starry night," "Three o'clock 
and a glorious starlight morning," were familiar until well on in 
the nineteenth century. 

(Impersonated by students of Temple University.) 



Scene 18. 

In the early part of the eighteenth century pirates were fre- 
quently encountered at the Capes of the Delaware. Every now 
and then a pirate ship would be captured and the picturesque 
scoundrels were brought to Philadelphia for trial. It happened 
for some reason that they seldom were punished, although there 
is a tradition that at times they were hanged for their crimes on 
the high seas on Windmill, later Smith's Island, formerly in the 
Delaware opposite Philadelphia. The last pirates to be hanged 
there were brought to the gallows in 1800. Those pictured in 
this scene belonged to a band captured in 1718 and carried to 
the city under guard. Like many others of the same sort they 
escaped conviction, and were freed only to return to their 
depredations. 



Scene 19. 

To the readers of Franklin's "Autobiography" this scene 
will require no introduction. Here is pictured the youthful 
printer on his arrival in Philadelphia, on a certain October 
Sunday morning, 1723. Franklin was seventeen at the time, and 
as he himself notes, was attired in his working clothes, having 
rowed the boat down the river from Burlington. He stopped in 
at a bakery and purchased three pence worth of bread, "great 
puffy rolls," he calls them, and while munching on one of these 

15 



The Book of the Pageant 

in his desultory walk about the town he was seen by Miss 
Read, who could not repress a smile at the add sight. Later 
the young woman became Mrs. Franklin. 



Scene 20. 

Almost from the earliest times the corporation of Phila- 
delphia was empowered to hold two fairs annually. The form 
of proclamation was as follows: 

"O Yes and Silence is commanded while the Fair 
proclaiming upon Pain of Imprisonment. 

"A. B., Esq.. Mayor of the City of Philadelphia, doth 
hereby, in the King's Name strictly charge and command 
all persons trading and negotiating within this Fair to 
keep the King's peace. 

"And that no person or persons whatsoever presume 
to set up any Booth or Stall for the vending of strong 
Liquors within this Fair. 

"And that no Person or Persons presume to bear or 
carry any unlawful Weapons to the Terrour or Annoy- 
ance of his Majesty's Subjects, or to gallop or strain 
Horses within the Built Parts of this City. 

"And if any person shall receive any Hurt or Injury 
from Another let him repair to the Mayor, here present, 
and his wrongs shall be redressed. This Fair to con- 
tinue Three Days and no longer. God save the King." 

The fair times were in May and November and continued 
for three days. In them all kinds of dry goods, millinery, cakes, 
toys, confectionery, etc., could be purchased by the people and 
there were many interesting side shows and entertainments. 
After the Revolution they fell into discredit and they were no 
longer seen. In the group are a number of interesting "fair 
time" characters, such as the hot gingerbread man, pie man, bell 
ringer, woman ballad singer and hot sausage man. Some In- 
dians are seen with their packs of skins and a lottery wheel 
where the people are asked to try their fortunes. On the edge 
of the crowd are a number of chimney sweeps who were every- 
where a feature of the life of the city at this time ; also porters 
with packs upon their backs and a number of street criers, long 
an institution in the city, offering to the people brick dust, sand, 
hot corn, hominy, etc. Here and there may be detected some 
paupers and people who have been branded for crime. The 
paupers, according to the manner of the time, are marked with 

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The Book of the Pageant 

a large Roman "P" on the shoulder of the sleeve, while a 
small "p" beside it indicates that they are charges of the City 
of Philadelphia. The letters upon the criminals, "R" and "T," 
stand respectively for Rogue and Thief. Some were condemned 
to work upon the streets. These were called "wheelbarrow 
men." 

(Impersonated by students of Temple University.) 



Scene 21. 

This scene shows a body of Palatines, German Redemp- 
tioners, on their way to the Mayor's office to take the oath of 
allegiance to the King of England. When they left the ship the 
court house bell was rung. These unfortunate people were 
often lured from their homes on the Rhine by unprincipled 
shipmasters and upon their arrival here were sold out to years 
of service for their passage money. Immigrants of other na- 
tionalities were also sold for the price of their coming to America, 
but most of the redemptioners in Pennsylvania were Germans. 
There was a particularly large movement between the years 
1730 and 1750. No less than 12,000 were landed in 1749. From 
some of them have descended many substantial Pennsylvania 
families. 

(Impersonated by students of Temple University.) 



Scene 22. 

Early methods of fighting fire in Philadelphia are pictured 
in this scene. The system, though it now appears very primi- 
tive, was the result of much thought. The little engine is the 
old "Shagrag," which dates from the year 1764, and has been 
preserved ever since in Germantown. Upon the announcement 
of fire by the Town Watch each householder was expected to 
throw his leather buckets and bags into the street for general 
use. They were marked with the names of the owners, so that 
they might be returned, and were taken rapidly to the fire. 
The bags were used for carrying away from the scene of danger 
such material in the burning house as could be easily removed. 
The buckets, filled with water at the town pump, were passed 
up one line, composed of the stronger and abler bodied. The 
contents were dumped into the tank of the engine and returned 

17 



The Book of the Pageant 

empty to the pump by another line. Women and children were 
often seen in this second line, and everyone who passed was 
pressed into the service. There were hooks, fitted to long poles, 
to be used for pulling down houses when the fire could not be 
extinguished. There were also swabs on long poles, made of 
cloth and soaked in water, for treating points that could not 
be reached by the stream from the hose. 

(Impersonated by students of Temple University.) 

Scene 23. 

In this scene is presented an idea of the busy life surround- 
ing the old London Coffee House, which long stood at Front 
and Market streets. The portrayal pictures it near the 
middle of the eighteenth century. The stage coach which set 
out from this neighborhood ; a post-boy with his bags of mail 
and newspapers ; a pack train, by which freight was carried inland ; 
the Conestoga wagon, which for a century or more was another 
means of transportation for goods and passengers in certain 
sections of the state, and a group of frontiersmen and Indians 
are features of the representation. There may also be noted 
a couple starting out on a horse fitted with a pillion, a device 
frequently resorted to in the days when wagons were few and 
dear and the roads none too good. 



Scene 24. 

The car in this section indicates the very prominent part 
which Philadelphia played from the earliest days in the develop- 
ment of the printing industry. The first printing press in the 
middle colonies was that set up here by William Bradford, in 
1685. It was probably the second press in the British posses- 
sions in America. Very early William Rittenhouse began to 
manufacture paper at his mill on the Wissahickon, within the 
present limits of Germantown. The watermark in his paper is 
shown upon the side of the car. The first Bible to be printed in 
a European tongue in America was that of Christopher Sower, 
in Germantown, in 1743. This book reached a second edition 
in 1763 and a third in 1776. The first English Bible in America 
was that printed by Robert Aitken in Philadelphia, in 1782. 
The first daily newspaper in the American colonies was the 
"Pennsylvania Packet," in 1784. Another large book associated 

18 




Charles II Signing the Charter of Pennsylvania 



Scene 7 



The Book of the Pageant 

with the early history of Pennsylvania was the so-called "Martyr 
Book," — "Der Bluetige Schauplatz oder Martyrer Spiegel," 
printed by the press at Ephrata. Following the car come repre- 
sentatives of the other prominent industries and trades practiced 
with some celebrity in Philadelphia in the early days, such as 
coopers, cordwainers, rope makers, tailors and ship carpenters. 



Scene 25. 

There are few better remembered incidents connected with 
the life of Benjamin Franklin than his epoch-making experiment 
with a kite by which, for the first time, he identified lightning 
with electricity. The experiment is said to have been con- 
ducted on the commons on the outskirts of the city, in 1752, 
and the generally accepted location of this incident is Ninth 
and Chestnut streets, where the Boyle statue of the great and 
many-sided Franklin stands. His companion on this occasion 
was his son William, afterward for many years the royal gov- 
ernor of New Jersey. 



Scene 26. 

Another view of Franklin is given in this scene. Out of the 
old Academy and Charity School which he advocated with so 
much success in 1749, when he took up the cause of education 
in his "Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Penn- 
sylvania," came the University of Pennsylvania. The institution 
was first established in the so-called "New Building" erected for 
the English evangelist, George Whitefield, on Fourth street 
below Arch. The Academy was opened in 1750, and in 1755 
the association was chartered as "The College, Academy and 
Charitable School of Philadelphia." The Rev. William Smith 
was the first Provost and remained with the institution in that 
office for 24 years. Provost Smith, Franklin and the trustees 
are shown on their visit to the Governor, in 1755, to ask that 
the Academy shall receive a charter as a college. In the street 
are a number of students in the costume of the period. Four 
of them bear a model of the old building on Fourth street. 

(Students and alumni of the University of Pennsylvania appear in 
this scene.) 

19 



The Book of the Pageant 

Scene 27. 

Here is given a glimpse of the first tragedy to be written 
and produced in America. This was "The Prince of Parthia," 
by Thomas Godfrey, the son of that Thomas Godfrey, the in- 
ventor of the mariner's quadrant, who was a friend of Franklin 
and a member of the Junto. In this representation is shown the 
scene in the first act of the play which depicts the return of 
the victorious Prince of Parthia. The tragedy was played by 
Hallam's company at the South wark Theatre on April 24, 1767. 
The piece was written in 1759, and the young author did not 
live to see his production presented on the stage. The South- 
wark Theatre, remains of which may still be seen on South 
street above Fourth, was the third building especially erected in 
this country for a playhouse, and the second built for that pur- 
pose in this city. In the scene are shown the victorious Prince, 
the King, the Queen, the brothers of the Prince, Arabian captives, 
soldiers and priests. 

(Impersonated by members of the Enterprise Dramatic Club of 
Germantown.) 



D— THE REVOLUTION. 

. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created 
equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable 
Rights, that among them are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happi- 
ness * * * and in support of this declaration * * * we mutually 
pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor." 

Scene 28. 

The feeling in the colonies against the mother country, 
which amounted to passive resistance, became active opposition 
when news arrived that Parliament had passed the Stamp Act 
in the spring of the year 1765. In Philadelphia, under the 
guidance of Franklin, every effort was made to nullify the 
measure by resorting to all possible economies. Bells and drums 
were muffled, and the newspapers appeared in all the livery of 
mourning. It was at this time that the cry "No Taxation with- 
out Representation" was taken up and reechoed by the people. 
The offensive measure was to have gone into effect on 
November 1, 1765, but the stamps were not sold in Philadelphia. 

20 



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Following this scheme came the resolutions of merchants and 
other citizens to import no merchandise from England. Home 
industries were developed, women spun and wove, and the people 
began to clad themselves in linsey woolsey. In 1773 the attempt 
to levy a tea tax on the Americans also received its first setback 
in Philadelphia. The captain of the "Polly," the ship which 
brought in the tea, was intercepted at Gloucester and taken up 
to the city. What he saw caused him promptly to return to 
England with his objectionable cargo. 

(The ladies in this section are members of the Patriotic Order of 
Americans.) 



Scene 29. 

This scene pictures the arrival of some of the Virginia dele- 
gates to the second Continental Congress, most of whom reached 
Philadelphia on May 9, 1775. The news of the battle of Lexing- 
ton had just been received by express from Trenton. The coun- 
try was aflame, and as each contingent of delegates from the 
various Colonies came to the city they were met in the 
suburbs by citizens and cavalcades of militiamen, and escorted 
into town. Among the Virginians in the Congress were George 
Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry 
Lee and Benjamin Harrison. Drums and fifes met the procession 
on Gray's Ferry road and conducted it through the city. The 
Virginians are escorted by the "Quaker Greens," a Philadelphia 
company of "Associators" or "Minute Men," which had been 
hastily gathered together for defence. 

(The troops in this and the next succeeding scenes are members 
of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics.) 



Scene 30. 

Here is shown the arrival of some of the Eastern Delegates 
on May 10, 1775. The party included such patriots as John 
Adams, John Hancock, Samuel Adams and Robert Treat Paine, 
from Massachusetts Bay. They were met on the Northern limits 
of the city, as they came in from Trenton. Their escort includes 
a company of the "Quaker Blues," a famous body of Philadelphia 
militiamen, rivals of the "Greens." 

21 



The Book of the Pageant 

Scene 31. 

John Paul Jones, the most romantic figure in the naval 
chapters of the Revolutionary War, is pictured in this scene as 
going to join the "Alfred," the flagship of Admiral Hopkins, of 
which he was lieutenant, to hoist the first flag flung out on a 
naval vessel of the United States. The date of this event is 
December, 1775, while the "Alfred," a 24-gun ship, lay in the 
Delaware River, opposite Walnut street, awaiting orders to put 
to sea. The flag hoisted on that occasion is said to have borne 
a pine tree and a rattlesnake on a yellow field with the words 
"Don't Tread on Me." 

Scene 32. 

The Fourth of July is so intimately connected in popular 
estimation with the birth of the United States that we overlook 
the importance of July 2, 1776, when the resolution of Richard 
Henry Lee, which had been presented to Congress on June 7, 
that "these United Colonies are* and of right ought to be, free 
and independent States," was adopted, although John Adams, 
writing to his wife the next day, predicted that it would be "the 
most memorable epoch in the history of America." A section 
of the Independence chamber in the old State House is pictured 
in this scene. At the table is John Hancock, President of Con- 
gress, and at his side sits the Secretary, Charles Thomson. The 
members are in the act of voting upon the resolution, nine States 
being for and four against it. The members of the committee 
which drew up the famous document were Benjamin Franklin, 
Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Robert Livingston and Roger 
Sherman, who are in the foreground. 

Scene 33. 

On May 15, 1776, the Continental Congress, by resolution, 
recommended the Colonies to establish new governments "suffi- 
cient to the exigencies of their affairs." A Provincial Confer- 
ence was called to meet in Carpenters' Hall, on June 18, and 
was followed by a convention in the State House on July 15- 
Delegates from the city and the counties attended, and in 
September the first constitution of the state was adopted. A 
government was organized more democratic in form than that 

22 



The Book of the Pageant 

of any other of the thirteen states. Instead of a Governor the 
state was provided with twelve Councillors, one of whom was 
elected President. The first President of Pennsylvania was 
Thomas Wharton, Jr. The Councillors, some early seals of the 
state and a Pennsylvania naval flag are shown to indicate the 
birth of the new State. This constitution survived amid great 
contention until 1790. 

Scene 34. 

Congress on June 14, 1777, adopted a design for a flag. 
It was the first flag of the United Colonies, and with some altera- 
tions in the starry field, is identical with the present ensign of 
the United States. There is a well-known tradition that Betsy 
Ross, who made the flags for the Pennsylvania navy, manufac- 
tured this emblem of the United States. Mrs. Ross, then a young 
widow, is shown in this scene. She is putting the finishing 
touches upon an early flag. 

Scene 35. 

When it became certain that the British troops were, in the 
course of their campaign, about to take possession of Philadel- 
phia, as the capital city of the continent, or the place where the 
Congress met, that body ordered all the great bells to be taken 
down and removed so that they should not fall into hostile hands. 
The Liberty Bell, at that time known only as the State House 
bell, was included in the number and, together with the chimes 
of Christ Church, and St. Peter's, was carried in September, 
1777, to Allentown for safe keeping. At the same time there 
was a general exodus of the frightened inhabitants, although 
some of the more courageous ones, and the Tories, of course, 
remained. The bells removed in 1777 were brought back after 
the British left the city and were rehung. 

Scene 36. 

This scene represents the meeting of the three most popular 
officers of the Revolution, George Washington, Anthony Wayne 
and the Marquis de Lafayette. The time of the meeting was 
after the disastrous battle of the Brandywine, when the Ameri- 
can forces fell back upon Philadelphia. 

23 



The Book of the Pageant 

Scene 37. 

The entrance of the British under Sir William Howe and 
Lord Cornwallis is shown in this scene. The first detachment 
of troops reached the city on the morning of October 26, 1777, 
under Colonel Harcourt. As they marched through the 
streets the band played "God Save the King," and they were 
warmly welcomed by the loyalists or Tories, of whom the city 
had many. Howe's army had disembarked at Head of Elk a 
month before, and in the interval had marched on toward Phila- 
delphia, worsting the Americans at the Brandywine and. at Paoli. 
and then entering the city by way of the Ridge Road.. Among 
the troops represented are some Grenadiers, the 426 Highland- 
ers (the famous "Black Watch"), and a regiment of Hessian 
"yellowlegs." 

(Members of the Boys' Brigade under Colonel L. D. Mitchell 
appear in this scene.) 



Scene 38. 

One of the romantic traditions connected with the British 
occupation of the city is the feat of Lydia Darrach. According 
to tradition Mrs. Darrach, who lived in the famous Loxley 
House on Second street, below Spruce, one night overheard a 
conference of British officers quartered in her house. Thus she 
learned that a plan had been formed to capture Washington by 
surprise while he and his army lay at White Marsh. In the 
dead of night, as though in need of flour, she set off with a bag, 
and successfully passed the British lines. She left her bag at a 
mill in Frankford and then coming up to one of the American 
outposts delivered her warning, which was carried to the Ameri- 
can Commander-in-Chief. The attempted surprise failed com- 
pletely. The British found the Americans prepared and the 
King's men, after a disastrous experience, were obliged to return 
to the city. 

Scene 39. 

The most pleasing impression left by the King's troops on 
Philadelphia during their occupation of the city was that made 
by the gorgeous pageant known to history, as at that time, as 
the Meschianza. The word was used, says Major Andre, in his 

24 




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The Book of the Pageant 

account of the event, because it was composed of a variety of 
entertainments. The historic fete champetre was held at the 
Wharton mansion, then in the southern suburbs of the city, on 
May 18, 1778. The entertainment, which was on a scale of 
magnificence never before approached in this country, was in 
honor of Sir William Howe, who, although he had failed to 
effect the submission of the Americans, was highly esteemed by 
the officers of his army. He had received his recall, and his 
successor, Sir Henry Clinton, had arrived. 

The fete was arranged by Major Andre and Captain Oliver 
Delancey. It lasted from four o'clock on the afternoon of the 
18th until four o'clock on the morning of the 19th. It included 
a regatta, a tournament, a ball, a supper and fireworks. The 
first two cars represent the tournament. In one car are the 
seven ladies of the Blended Rose, who are preceded by knights, 
heralds and squires. The second shows the seven ladies 
of the Burning Mountain, preceded by the knights who, in 
mediaeval fashion, championed their cause. The ladies were the 
principal Tory belles of the city. Among them were representa- 
tives of the Shippen, Chew, Bond and Redman families. Miss 
Peggy Shippen, afterward Mrs. Benedict Arnold, was a lady of 
the Blended Rose. The Knights of the Blended Rose were led 
by Lord Cathcart, and Captain Andre was in his band. The 
leader of the Knights of the Burning Mountain was Captain 
Watson of the Guards. 

The last scene pictures the heralds of the Blended Rose pro- 
claiming the health of King George III and the Royal family at 
the end of the supper in a sumptuous room in the Wharton 
House. 

(Impersonated by students and friends of the Pennsylvania 
Academy of the Fine Arts under the direction of John E. D. Trask.) 



Scene 40. 

At no time in his long and picturesque career did Franklin 
achieve so proud a position as during his stay at the Court of 
France as the representative of the new American nation. Late 
in the year 1776 he set out for France, as one of the three Com- 
misioners appointed to use their powers of persuasion to gain 
the assistance of Louis XVI, who, as Congress had been 
mysteriously informed, was willing to aid the cause. After the 
surrender of Burgoyne, the French King was able to acknowledge 

25 



The Book of the Pageant 

the independence of the new states, and soon afterward signed 
the treaty of alliance. During his stay in France, Franklin lived 
at Passy. The French people were charmed with the American. 
He was so delightfully informal, always agreeable, and always 
approachable. The other Commissioners were scarcely noticed. 
Franklin alone was the representative to whom the people and 
the ministers listened. Notwithstanding a lack of businesslike 
methods, of which John Adams accused him, Franklin achieved 
what perhaps no other man in America at that time could have 
accomplished. His triumph was complete when as Minister 
Plenipotentiary of the United States he paid his first visit to the 
Court at Versailles. Surrounded by gaily-dressed courtiers and 
ladies, the American representative appeared before the King 
and Queen without a wig, without buckles upon his shoes, and 
without a sword at his side. His attire was the plainest in the 
salon, but he was pointed out, he was discussed, and it almost 
seemed as if it were his levee instead of that of Louis XVI and 
Marie Antoinette. From that day, Franklin's position in France 
was assured. He could obtain from court or people anything 
in reason, and it was because of this popularity, which Adams 
never could understand, that he was so serviceable to his country. 

Scene 41. 

A French frigate, "La Resolue," brought 2,500,000 livres 
from France in the autumn of 1781. This specie was landed in 
Boston at a very critical time, and Robert Morris undertook to 
transport it to Philadelphia. He had just been appointed Super- 
intendent of Finance of the United States, and the money was 
sorely needed to aid him in carrying out his cherished plan of 
establishing a national bank, which he called the Bank of North 
America. The money was packed in small square boxes, made 
of strong oak boards. These boxes, to the number of twenty, 
were placed together in a large chest, constructed of thick oak 
planks. Each chest weighed about a ton, and to it were attached 
four oxen led by one horse. The roads were extremely rough 
and penetrated a country in control of the British Army, so that 
the carts must be closely guarded all the way. Tench Francis 
led the expedition successfully for Robert Morris, and upon his 
return became the cashier of the bank. 

(The officers of the Bank of North America have interested them- 
selves in this scene, and the men appearing in it are members of the 
Robert Morris Club of this city.) 

26 



The Book of the Pageant 

Scenes 42 and 43. 

The beginning of the end of the long Revolution is por- 
trayed in these scenes. The assistance of the French in men, 
arms and money, augmented by the efforts of Robert Morris, 
had in 1781 turned the critical and, in some respects, the dark- 
est hour of the struggle into one of hopefulness. The British 
were at Yorktown, the French fleet would soon arrive in the 
Chesapeake, and the American Army, with the French allies 
who had come over together from New York and New 
England, are here shown on their way to hem in the King's 
troops, cause the surrender of Cornwallis and practically end the 
conflict, which had continued for more than six weary years. 
The entry of the American troops, with General Washington at 
their head, was begun on the morning of September 3, 1781. 
That day the First Division of the American forces reached the 
city; the next day the Second Division, including the French 
regiments, with Count Rochambeau at their head, made their 
entry. The beautiful uniforms of the De Soissonois regiment, 
which may be recognized by the rose colored facings, charmed 
the Philadelphians ; but at that time even the American Army 
made a presentable front, and their soldierly appearance as they 
marched into the city was the cause of much admiring remark. 

(Members of the Patriotic Order Sons of America represent the 
American Army. The Cooper Battalion, accompanied by its Bugle 
Corps, represents the French Army.) 

Scene 44. 

News of the surrender of Cornwallis's army reached Phila- 
delphia by an express rider about three o'clock on the morning 
of October 22, 1781. A German watchman first took up the 
cry and announced the event to those who were so early awake 
— "Pasht tree o'clock and Gornwallis ish daken." The news 
soon spread over the city. It, however, was unofficial, and there 
was no celebration until the happy tidings had been verified. 
Colonel Tench Tilghman, aide to General Washington, arrived 
here on the 24th, confirming the report. On Saturday after- 
noon, November 3d, twenty-four stands of colors, eight British 
and sixteen Hessian, which had been surrendered by the King's 
troops at Yorktown, arrived and were escorted into the city. 
The trophies were laid at the feet of Congress, then sitting in 
the State House. The procession was preceded by the American 
and French standards. 

27 



The Book of the Pageant 
E— UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. 

"Let us raise a standard to which the wise and honest can repair. 
The event is in the hand of God." — Washington in the Constitutional 
Convention. 



Scene 45. 

The car in this scene symbolically represents the idea of 
the birth of the new nation, which was accomplished when the 
Constitution was adopted in the State House in September, 
1787. The sessions had lasted since the May of that year. The 
thirteen young women represent the separate thirteen States 
which united to form the Union. Alexander Hamilton, as one 
of the chief influences which made the change in government 
possible at a time when the advisability of forming so strong a 
federation was a matter of doubt in many minds, is seen driving 
the car, while Washington, whose pacific and commanding influ- 
ence did so much to make the Union possible, sits above. The 
first State to ratify the Constitution was Delaware, on December 
7, 1787; the second Pennsylvania, on December 12, 1787, and 
the last of the thirteen was Rhode Island, on May 29, 1790. 

(Ladies from the Patriotic Order of Americans.) 



Scene 46. 

Although General Washington in some respects was a 
democratic man, his birth, training and position made him a 
good deal of a patrician. This character, however, attached to 
him naturally, and consequently was in no sense offensive. He 
was not in favor of great ceremony, but he gave evidence that 
no matter how much his own feelings might be against form and 
parade, his public position demanded that he bow to the popular 
will. Washington was first inaugurated in New York, in 1789. 
The national capital having been removed to Philadelphia the 
next year, it followed that his second inauguration should take 
place here. Although his residence was in Market between 
Fifth and Sixth streets, and Congress Hall was at the corner of 
Sixth and Chestnut streets, only a block distant, it was deemed 
necessary to have a formal procession. Washington, attired in 
a courtly suit of black velvet, powdered wig, and sword at his 
side, was driven in his coach to Congress Hall, where he was met 

28 




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by two men carrying wands, who went before him, like the 
"Rods" of Parliament, as he walked to the Senate chamber. 
There for the second time he took the oath as President .of the 
United States, on March 4, 1793. 



Scene 47. 

Washington's Birthday was celebrated with great eclat while 
he was President of the United States. The Father of his country 
is shown standing beside his wife, commonly called Lady Wash- 
ington, in the drawing room of the Presidential mansion, the 
time being the anniversary day in February, 1794. The Vice- 
President, John Adams; Mrs. Adams, Robert Morris, Mrs. 
Morris, who was a sister of Bishop White; Alexander Hamilton 
and others are seen in the group. 

(This scene is in charge of these branch organizations of the 
Ladies of the Maccabees of the World: Philadelphia, Betsy Ross, 
Quaker City, Olivet, Liberty Bell and Uniform Rank.) 



Scene 48. 

Here is portrayed one of the interesting phases of the early 
history of the United States, the enthusiastic reception in 1793 of 
Citizen Genet, sent by the French Revolutionary government to 
arouse the sympathy of the United States. The Frenchman 
was most cordially received in Philadelphia by the Anti-Federal- 
ists. He was dined and wined and defended when he attacked 
Congress for its attitude toward the Revolution in France. He 
even attempted to dictate the foreign policy of the United States, 
but soon met his match in Washington, Hamilton and Robert 
Morris. There were many French sympathizers in the city. 
French songs, especially the "Ca ira" were sung, and men and 
women decorated with the tricolor danced the "Carmagnole" 
around Liberty poles, surmounted by the bonnet rouge, which 
were set up in the streets. 

Scene 49. 

This scene represents the important part Philadelphia played 
in commerce with the East after the Revolution. The first Ameri- 
can ship to make a voyage to China was the "Empress of China," 
which left New York February 22, 1784. Before this vessel 

29 



The Book of the Pageant 

started on a second voyage a new Philadelphia ship, "Canton," 
of 250 tons, commanded by Thomas Truxtun and owned by him 
and five other Philadelphians, sailed for China on December 30, 
1785* with a cargo which consisted principally of ginseng. She 
returned in May, 1787. In the next month, that is in June, 1787, 
Robert Morris's ship "Alliance" sailed for China, and from this 
time forward many vessels were engaged in the service. The 
China and East India trade was steady, and Philadelphia for some 
time was the principal American port for intercourse with the 
East. The goods brought in were principally teas, China and 
India silks and muslins, shawls, indigo and other dyes, hemp, 
sugar, shellac, hides and saltpetre. The cargoes were often of 
very great value. This trade continued to flourish until after the 
War of 1812. 

(The scene is in charge of the Philadelphia Commercial Museum.) 



Scene 50. 

John Fitch's steamboat shown in this scene is his second 
experimental boat, which is here represented on the ways ready 
for launching in the Delaware, in 1788. The first was built in 

1786. The Constitutional Convention adjourned on August 22, 

1787, and went in a body to the Arch Street wharf to see this 
little vessel, a number of members seizing the opportunity to 
ride upon it. During the summer of 1788 Mr. Fitch ran it to 
Burlington, making a speed of seven miles an hour. Beginning 
his service on June 15, 1790, he made trips to Trenton. He went 
up one day and returned the next, carrying both passengers and 
freight. He also ran the boat to Chester and Wilmington. A 
partner of John Fitch had his designs in France and lent them 
to an American artist, Robert Fulton, who aided by New York 
money, twenty-one years after this boat was run upon the Dela- 
ware, navigated a vessel on the Hudson, which was built upon 
the ingenious Philadelphian's plans. John Fitch died in 1798, 
having two years before invented the screw propeller. 



Scene 51. 

Commodore John Barry, who was the first commissioned 
officer in the newly established Navy of the United States, is 

30 



The Book of the Pageant 

here represented going to take command of the frigate "United 
States," which had been built under his direction. The "United 
States" was one of a half dozen ships constructed for the first 
navy of the United States, at a time when war was expected with 
France. Barry had orders to sail, dated July 3, 1798, and as 
he was to set out with the "first fair wind" it is possible that he 
weighed anchor the next day, the Fourth of July. It was early 
in this year that Barry advised the creation of a Navy Depart- 
ment, and his orders to put to sea were signed by Benjamin 
Stoddert, the first Secretary of the Navy, a department of the 
government which had just been established. 



Scene 52. 

Of the three so-called national anthems which have each 
had their admirers "Hail Columbia" was the first and, so far 
as the music is concerned, the only one written to an air com- 
posed in this country. When it was first sung, at a benefit of 
the actor, Gilbert Fox, at the old Chestnut Street Theatre, on 
April 25, 1798, the audience was aroused to a pitch of en- 
thusiasm, never before witnessed in the United States. This 
was because there was a belief that before many weeks we should 
be engaged in a war with France, and in fact, practically a 
state of war did exist between the two countries. Fox, the actor, 
waited on Joseph Hopkinson, at that time one of the leading 
lawyers in Philadelphia, and asked him to compose some words 
to the "President's March," a piece of music which had been in 
favor for nine years, or from the date of Washington's journey 
to New York to take the oath of office as President of the United 
States in 1789. The success of "Hail Columbia" was 
instant. The excitement in the theatre spread to the crowds 
in the street, and the air was sung with an intensity of feeling 
that had not been the fate of any other song of the people since 
the "Marseillaise" of the French Revolution. A detail of the 
"McPherson Blues," a famous militia company of the day may 
be seen in the group. 



31 



The Book of the Pageant 
F— THE CITY FROM 1800 TO i860. 

"The preservation of the sacred fire of liberty and the destiny of 
the republican model of government are justly considered as deeply, 
perhaps as finally, staked on the experiment intrusted to the hands of 
the American people." — Washington's Inaugural Address in 1789. 

Scene 53. 

The War of 1812, which has not improperly been termed 
the second War of Independence, was largely a naval contest. 
Philadelphia, while not the scene of any of the fighting which 
took place during the three years of the conflict, was, neverthe- 
less, a pivotal point. The scene represents the triumphant entry, 
on December 10, 181 3, of Captain Jacob Jones and Lieutenant 
James Biddle of the United States sloop-of-war "Wasp," which 
vessel had captured, under dramatic circumstances, the British 
sloop-of-war "Frolic." The State Fencibles, who were organized 
on May 26, 1813, are shown in the procession in their original 
uniforms. 

Scene 54. 

Here Stephen Girard, the financier of the War of 1812, the 
famous "mariner and merchant" of Philadelphia, is portrayed 
much as he appeared at the time. He is shown in his gig, driv- 
ing between his bank and his plantation in Passyunk, which 
journey he made so regularly every day that those who lived 
along the route were accustomed to set their clocks by his appear- 
ance. Of an afternoon when Girard passed they would say to 
themselves : "It is just twenty minutes past four o'clock ; there 
is Girard." 

Scene 55. 

The visit of Lafayette to Philadelphia in 1824, the subject 
of this scene, was an event which attracted a vast amount of 
attention. For years it was one of the landmarks of local 
chronology. Since the days of Washington no visitor had re- 
ceived such a welcome. He was the victim of banquets, the 
chief figure in a procession long remembered, and was generally 
given the keys of the city. He was escorted during the celebra- 
tion by the First Troop of Philadelphia City Cavalry, and the 

32 




Scene 39 



Toast to the King— Meschianza 

From the Drawing by Miss Oakley 



The Book of the Pageant 

then recently organized Washington Grays. He is quoted as 
saying of the "Grays" that they were the finest body of troops 
he had seen in the United States, and in return they elected him 
an honorary member. 

(City Troop by its own members, Washington Grays by members 
of that organization, now Company G of the First Regiment of the 
National Guard of Pennsylvania.) 



Scene 56. 

This scene illustrates the early history of transportation in 
Pennsylvania. The Conestoga wagon shows the type of convey- 
ance used to transport emigrants and merchandise from 
the East to the West, returning with such produce as the West- 
ern settler might have for sale in Eastern markets. This vehicle 
was constructed with its center bending down in the bottom 
so that its contents could not pitch forward as a grade in the 
road was descended, nor backward as one was ascended. It de- 
rived its name from a thrifty region of Lancaster County. The 
splendid draft horses of that county were known as "Cones- 
togas." They were in demand to haul the heavy wagons which 
increased trade demanded, and it was but natural that the name 
of the horses should come to attach itself to the wagon which 
they drew. 

The boat is a faithful though somewhat reduced reproduction 
of the passenger boats used on the Pennsylvania canal in 1836, 
when the trip to Pittsburg occupied several days over land and 
water. The first canal packet in Pennsylvania was built in Lan- 
caster in 1828 and named the "Red Rover." It was run on the 
Conestoga navigation, or slack water canal, between Lancaster 
and Safe Harbor until 1833. The packet shown here was seventy- 
two feet long, eleven feet wide and eight feet high. It would 
accommodate about one hundred and fifty passengers. 

Following the boat comes a reproduction of the locomotive 
"Lancaster," built by Matthias W. Baldwin, of Philadelphia, for 
the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad, and the first practical 
locomotive to be put into operation on that line. The two stage- 
body coaches are reproductions, in somewhat smaller size, of the 
original car. They were intended to be drawn by horses and 
were modified in certain particulars to adapt them to steam. 
The "Lancaster" was the third locomotive built by Mr. Baldwin. 
It was completed, delivered and put into service on June 28, 1834. 

33 



The Book of the Pageant 

It weighed eight tons ; could draw fifty-six tons, inclusive of the 
weight of the cars ; cost $5,850, and moved its full capacity train 
seventy-seven miles in eight hours. On October 7, 1834, on the 
occasion of the formal opening of the road, it drew the leading 
passenger train from Columbia to Philadelphia. The entrance 
of the "Lancaster" marked a new era in the history of the city. 

The car standing alone is called the "Victory." It is a re- 
production of the first car to be constructed with an "elevated 
roof," and was made in the shops of C. Allison, Philadelphia, 
in 1836, and put into service for the first time on July 4, of that 
year in this city. It was shortly afterwards fitted with trucks or 
bogies in accordance with the invention of Richard Imlay, to 
whom was granted a patent on September 21, 1837. This was 
among the first, if not the first, passenger coach to which the 
bogie was attached. 

(This entire exhibit has been specially prepared, arranged and 
contributed by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company.) 

Scene 57. 

"Old Ironsides," the first locomotive engine constructed in 
this city is exhibited in this scene in exact fac-simile. It entered 
the service on our first railroad, built to connect Phila- 
delphia with Germantown, and was the handiwork of Matthias 
W. Baldwin, the founder of the most famous of American loco- 
motive manufactories. It now seems odd to learn that in the 
beginning on rainy days "Old Ironsides" was not trusted to 
draw its trains. On these occasions horses were attached to the 
cars. The locomotive made its trial run on the road on November 
23, 1832, when for a short distance it developed a speed of about 
30 miles an hour. 

(Contributed by Baldwin Locomotive Works.) 

Scene 58. 

The "Rocket," named after George Stephenson's famous 
machine, is one of eight locomotives constructed for the Philadel- 
phia and Reading Railroad Company, by Braithwaite and Com- 
pany, of London, England. They were delivered at the port of 
Philadelphia during the years 1837, 1838 and 1839, an d were con- 
veyed thence by canal to Reading, where they were unloaded 
and hauled by horses, on their own wheels, to the track. The 

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The Book of the Pageant 

weight of the "Rocket" is 8.4 tons. It was placed in the regular 
service on July 16, 1838, when the first part of the Reading 
Railroad in the Schuylkill Valley, extending from Reading to 
Norristown, was opened for traffic. The "Rocket" was retired 
in March, 1879, after having run 310,164 miles. It was exhibited 
at the World's Fair, in Chicago, in 1893. It stood for a number 
of years in the Field Columbian Museum, of that city, whence it 
was removed in 1904 and taken to the St. Louis Exposition. 

(Contributed by the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company.) 



Scene 59. 

Firefighters of the early part of the nineteenth century are 
shown in this scene. Types of the old hand engines in use before 
the advent of the steamers are included in the display. Some of 
the equipment which was then regarded as efficient for extin- 
guishing fires is also shown. 

(The representation is made by the Volunteer Firemen's Associa- 
tions of Philadelphia.) 



Scene 60. 

This scene symbolizes the consolidation of twenty-eight sepa- 
rate outlying jurisdictions with the old city. The Act of Consolida- 
tion was passed February 2, 1854, and the new and greater 
Philadelphia was formed the following month. The new jurisdic- 
tions brought into the city were Passyunk Township, Kingsessing 
Township, District of Moyamensing, District of Southwark, 
Blockley Township, District of West Philadelphia, District of 
Belmont, District of Spring Garden, District of Northern Liber- 
ties, District of Kensington, District of South Penn, Penn 
Township, District of Richmond, Borough of Aramingo, Bor- 
ough of Bridesburg, Oxford Township, Borough of White Hall, 
Borough of Frankford, Lower Dublin Township, Delaware 
Township, Moreland Township, Byberry Township, Bristol 
Township, Township of the Unincorporated Northern Liberties, 
Borough of Germantown, Germantown Township, Roxborough 
Township and Borough of Manayunk. Twenty-eight young men 
bear and escort a figure representing Philadelphia, designed by 
Violet Oakley, and executed by Giuseppe Donato, while twenty- 
eight banners precede and follow them. 

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The Book of the Pageant 
G— THE CIVIL WAR. 

"The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield 
and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone all over this 
broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union when again touched, 
as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature." — From 
Lincoln's Inaugural Address in 1861. 

Scene 61. 

The underlying cause of the Civil War was African slavery 
in the South and the determination of many good people in the 
North, a large number of whom, in and around Philadelphia, were 
members of the Society of Friends, to abolish it. Thousands 
of slaves who had escaped from their masters and were received 
through Maryland and Delaware were forwarded to Canada on 
what was called the Underground Railroad. These "passengers" 
were carried from "station" to "station" at night. It was difficult 
to elude the constables and after the passage of the Fugitive Slave 
Law, in 1850, the business was full of peril. It went on, however, 
uninterruptedly. In Chester County there was a courageous 
Quakeress who drove her own slave wagon. She frequently 
traveled alone in the roads at night, carrying poor fugitives to 
some haven a few miles nearer the Canadian frontier. The men 
often walked beside the wagon while the women and children 
rode. 

Scene 62. 

In the Presidential campaign of i860, which was waged 
amid so much excitement, there appeared everywhere bodies of 
cavalry called "Wide Awakes." They rode hither and thither to 
political meetings and not infrequently became involved in riots 
with the Douglas men. They were very useful in arousing the 
popular enthusiasm which led to the election of Abraham Lincoln. 

Scene 63. 

The departure of the troops for the Civil War, in 1861, took 
away thousands of the city's young men. The parting, despite 
the enthusiasm of the hour, was not without its pains. It left 
many homes lonely and sad. Some of those who must remain 
behind are seen upon a car in the midst of the marching men. 

(The troops are represented by the Sons of Veterans Reserve.) 

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The Book of the Pageant 

Scene 64. 

Like the Revolution, the War of 1812 and the Mexican War, 
the Civil War was, to a large extent, financed from Philadelphia. 
The task was one of gigantic proportions and the agent for the 
work was Jay Cooke. His bank, on Third street, below Chest- 
nut, was a scene of extraordinary activity from the beginning of 
the war to its close. He first sold the five-twenty loan of $500,000,- 
000 and then the seven-thirty loan of $830,000,000, with which 
the war was brought to an end and the troops were sent to their 
homes. This remarkable banker was the bulwark of the Union 
in a time of unexampled trial. He sold the loans in all parts of 
the North, to all classes of the people, who flocked to his banking 
house to invest their savings in Government bonds. 

Scene 65. 

Although President Lincoln was in Philadelphia no fewer 
than four times during his life, the visit represented in this scene 
was his last, June 16, 1864, when he came at the special invitation 
of Philadelphia's most prominent citizens to encourage by his 
presence the great Sanitary Fair, then being held in Logan 
Square. Mr. Lincoln arrived in the city at noon, and, after a rest 
at his hotel, was driven to the exhibition, accompanied by mem- 
bers of his suite, among them General Lew Wallace. He was 
escorted by a detail from the First City Troop. After spending 
an hour or two at the Fair, where he made one of his felicitous 
speeches, the President was driven to the railway station and 
returned to Washington. 

Scene 66. 

The return of the veterans, with their bronzed faces and 
tattered banners, is represented by the Grand Army of the 
Republic, which has provided files of men from all or nearly 
all of the regiments which went out from Philadelphia to the 
Civil War. 

THE CENTENNIAL. 

"Many shall run to and fro and knowledge shall be increased." 

"Grant that this association in effort may bind more closely 
together every part of our great Republic, so that our Union may be 
perpetual and indissoluble. Let its influence draw the nations of earth 
into a happier unity. Hereafter, we pray thee, may all disputed ques- 

37 



The Book of the Pageant 

tions be settled by arbitration, and not by the sword, and may wars 
cease among the sons of men." — From Bishop Simpson's prayer at the 
opening of the Exposition. 

Scene 67. 

In this scene is recalled the great Centennial Exposition of 
1876, the first international exposition to be held in this 
country, and, up to that time, unapproached by any exposition 
ever held in the world. It was designed to commemorate the one 
hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. In 
spite of the fact that the whole plan was more or less experi- 
mental, the undertaking was an unqualified success. The money 
advanced by Congress for the purpose was repaid, and when the 
exposition closed its doors on the last day it was financially 
solvent. The "Centennial" was the greatest influence in the 
development of the arts this country ever experienced, and the 
rapid strides made during the last thirty years in various fields 
are directly traceable to the wholesome influence exerted by this 
comprehensive exhibition. The car shows a group of the dis- 
tinguished guests at the opening of the exposition in the Chinese 
court, where the Celestial exhibitors are explaining their wares. 

THE CITY BEAUTIFUL. 

"And ye yourselves are the city." 

Scene 68. 

The concluding scene in the pageant is the only one in which 
history is departed from. It sounds a prophetic note and appeals 
to civic pride in a car representing the City Beautiful. The car 
is preceded by a body of scholars — professors and students, in 
their robes, who are followed by groups of men representing the 
arts and crafts — architecture, sculpture, weaving, pottery, applied 
design, metal work, leaded glass, landscape architecture and 
interior decoration. These all contribute to the making of the 
City Beautiful. The car is driven by a figure representing Art. 
She bears a gold staff and a white flag of peace. Standing 
near are Science, with electrical and astronomical instruments, 
and Religion, with a large, open book. At the side are seated 
figures who represent painting, literature, music and the drama. 
(The young men are students of the School of Industrial Art, 
which through its officers, Theodore C. Search, President, and Leslie 
W. Miller, Principal, has materially aided in the representation of 
this scene.) 

38 



Music for the Historical Pageant 

SELECTED BY 

PROF. HUGH A. CLARKE 

University of Pennsylvania 

Arranged by 
WILLIAM R. STOBBE 

English 

Rule Britannia. 

British Grenadiers March. 

God Save the King. 

Ye Mariners of England. (1766.) 

French 
Ca Ira. (1789.) ") 

La Carmagnole. (1792.) [■ Songs of the Revolution. 
La Marseillaise. (1792.) ) 
Le Petit Tambour. (Circa 1820.) 

Swedish 

National Anthem. 

Two Patriotic Songs. 

Country Dance. 

National Dance, The Hailing. 

Dutch 

National Anthem. 
Patriotic Song, William of Nassau. "h xr .^ , . 

" " The Tithe ( Written during the war for 

" Flanders.' j Dutch Independence, 1570. 

Irish 

The Minstrel Boy. 
Garry Owen. 

Let Erin Remember the Days of Old. 
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The Book of the Pageant 

German 

Old German Quickstep. 

Der Schwanendreher (Old dancing song). 



Welch 
Men of Harlech. 

For the Street Fair and Meschianza 

Minuet de la Cour. 
Devonshire Minuet. 

Country Dances — The Triumph, The Tank, Roger de 
Coverley, Gossip Joan, Moll in the Wood. 

Patriotic American Music 

Yankee Doodle. (Revolutionary Period.) 

Hail Columbia. (1798.) 

Star Spangled Banner. 

Rally Round the Flag. 

When Johnny Comes Marching Home. 

John Brown's Body. 

Tenting on the Old Camp Ground. 

We Are Coming, Father Abraham. 

Marching Through Georgia. 

Popular Music. 1830 — 1845 

Ben Bolt. 

Gaily the Troubadour. 

Cherry Ripe. 



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